Zinc Oxide
Zinc oxide is a widely used inorganic compound with significant importance across multiple industries and applications. It is primarily produced by the high-temperature oxidation of zinc or zinc ores, resulting in a white, odourless powder known for its reactivity, high refractive index, thermal conductivity, antibacterial, and UV-protection properties.
Primary Applications
– Rubber Industry: Vulcanisation activator and strengthener for tires, shoe soles, and industrial rubber goods.
– Ceramics and Glass: Enhances elasticity, surface finish, and thermal stability in glazes, enamels, and glass products.
– Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals: Key ingredient in sunscreens, ointments, and creams for UV protection and skin health.
– Paints and Coatings: Used as a white pigment and anti-corrosive agent.
– Agriculture and Animal Feed: Nutritional supplement in fertilisers and animal feeds.
– Concrete and Cement: Improves water resistance and processing time.
– Electronics and Semiconductors: Used in solar cells, LEDs, and other electronic devices.
– Water Treatment: Antibacterial and anti-fungal properties for water purification.
Key Properties
– High refractive index and UV-blocking ability make it valuable in sunscreens and protective coatings.
– Antibacterial and anti-fungal activity supports its use in medical and personal care products.
– Thermal stability and low expansion coefficient are essential for ceramics and concrete applications.
Leading Producers: Major producers of zinc oxide include China, the United States, India, and Mexico. These countries have significant zinc mining and processing capacities, supplying global industrial demand.
Global Production: Annual global zinc oxide production is estimated in the millions of metric tons, with over half consumed by the rubber industry for tire manufacturing.
What is Zinc Oxide Used For?
Tire Production
Zinc oxide is a vital activator in rubber vulcanisation, enhancing tire strength, durability, and heat resistance. It improves processing efficiency and ensures tires meet safety and performance standards.
Fertiliser
As a micronutrient fertilizer, zinc oxide corrects zinc deficiencies in soils, promoting healthy crop growth and higher yields.
Animal Feed Supplements
Zinc oxide is added to animal feeds to provide essential zinc, supporting enzyme function, immune health, and growth in livestock, poultry, and aquaculture.
Concrete and Cement
Added to concrete and cement to enhance water resistance, durability, and processing characteristics.
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care
Widely used in sunscreens, ointments, and creams for its UV-blocking, skin-protecting, and wound-healing properties. It is also found in baby powders, anti-dandruff shampoos, and acne treatments.
Paints and Pigments
Acts as a white pigment and anti-corrosive agent in paints, coatings, and plastics, providing brightness and protection against weathering.
Water Treatment
Utilised for its antibacterial and anti-fungal properties in water purification and environmental remediation applications.
Ceramics and Glass
Improves elasticity, gloss, and thermal stability in ceramic glazes and glass formulations. Used to achieve both glossy and matte finishes depending on concentration.
